Conjunction (pronounced kuhn-juhngk-shuhn)
(1) In
grammar, any member of a small class of words distinguished in many languages
by their function as connectors between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences,
as and, because, but, however.
(2) Any
other word or expression of similar function, as in any case.
(3) The
act of conjoining; combination.
(4) The
state of being conjoined; union; association.
(5) A combination
of events or circumstances.
(6) In
formal logic, a compound proposition that is true if and only if all of its component
propositions are true.
(7) In
formal logic, the relation among the components of such a proposition, usually
expressed by the ∧ (∧) operator.
(8) Sexual
intercourse (obsolete except for historic or poetic use).
(8) In
astronomy, the coincidence of two or more heavenly bodies at the same celestial
longitude; also called solar conjunction
(the position of a planet or the moon when it is in line with the sun as seen
from the earth. The inner planets are in inferior conjunction when the planet
is between the earth and the sun and in superior conjunction when the sun lies
between the earth and the planet).
(9) The
state of two or more such coinciding heavenly bodies.
(10) In
astrology, the coincidence of two or more heavenly bodies at the same celestial
longitude, characterized by a unification of the planetary energies; an
astrological aspect (an exact aspect of 0° between two planets, etc, an orb of
8° being allowed).
1350–1400:
From the Middle English conjunccio(u)n,
a borrowing from the Anglo-French and Old French conjonction, from the Latin conjunctiōn-
(stem of conjunctiō (joining) from coniungere (to join), the second-person
singular future passive indicative of coniungō. Conjunction is a noun, conjunctive is a noun & adjective and conjugate is a noun, verb & adjective; the noun plural is conjunctions.
Beginning a sentence with a conjunction
Unlike French, which has the Académie Française, English has no central authority; assessments of correctness can be made by anyone, judgments of whom others can make of what they will; it's something like the concept of the fatwa in Islam and from this linguistic free-for-all emerged the “rule” a sentence shouldn’t begin with a conjunction. In English, there’s actually no rule against a sentence beginning with a coordinating conjunction like and, but or yet but the mistaken belief in some sort of prohibition is widespread. In the literature, thoughts on the origin of this are all conjecture but the theme of most suggestions is the practice is somehow inelegant (although harsher critics describe it as lazy and sloppy) and with a little effort, a more complex and pleasing construction might emerge. That said, the prohibition has no historical or grammatical foundation and examples exist in the Magna Carta (1215), the United States Constitution (1787), judgments from the US Supreme Court (since at least 1803) and Abraham Lincoln's (1809–1865; US president 1861-1865) Gettysburg Address (1863) and Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage traced instances of use even in Old English. That one is allowed to do something doesn’t mean one should do something and even then, it can be done too often. A work like however doesn’t have the same feel as but; it’s in a higher register so the choice of which to use to start a sentence may be dictated by style as much as meaning. So while beginning a sentence with and is permissible English, if overused it makes for dull and repetitive text.
In an alignment dubbed the “Christmas Star”, Jupiter and Saturn, the solar system’s two largest planets, appeared on 21 December 2021 to be closer together than they have in nearly 400 years. From the earth, the giant planets appeared a tenth of a degree apart although they are hundreds of millions of miles apart. Also, as NASA confirmed, it’s been some 800 years since the planets aligned at night, timing that gave almost everyone on planet Earth the chance to observe the astronomical event known as a “Great Conjunction”, a similar alignment not due until 2080, with the next close conjunction following 337 years later, in 2417. The event was unusual also because it fell on the winter solstice, the longest night of the year, a “rare coincidence,” NASA advised because “the date of the conjunction is determined by the positions of Jupiter, Saturn, and the Earth in their paths around the Sun, while the date of the solstice is determined by the tilt of Earth’s axis.”
Lindsay Lohan (2011).
Screened in conjunction with the 54th international exhibition of the Venice Biennale (June 2011), Lindsay Lohan was a short film the director said represented a “new kind of portraiture.” Filmed in Malibu, California, the piece was included in the Commercial Break series, presented by Venice’s Garage Center for Contemporary Culture and although the promotional notes indicated it would include footage of the ankle monitor she helped make famous, the device doesn't appear in the final cut.
Directed by: Richard Phillips & Taylor
Steele
Director of Photography: Todd Heater
Costume Designer: Ellen Mirojnick
Creative Director: Dominic Sidhu
Art Director: Kyra Griffin
Editor: Haines Hall
Color mastering: Pascal Dangin for
Boxmotion
Music: Tamaryn & Rex John Shelverton
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