Latibulate (pronounced la-tib-oo-layt)
To go to or stay in a latibulum (a concealed hiding place; a burrow, lair, or hole).
Late 1500s: From the Latin latibulāri, from latibulum (plural latibula) (hiding place). The construct in the Latin was late(ō) + -bulum. Latēō was from the Proto-Italic latēō (to be hidden), from the primitive Indo-European lehz- (to hide) and related to the Doric Greek λᾱ́θω (lā́thō) (to escape notice), a variant of the Ancient Greek λανθάνω (lanthánō). In the Ionic Greek λάθρῃ (láthrēi) meant “secretly, by stealth; unbeknownst to”. The suffix -bulumn (genitive -bulī) which also had the alternative forms -brum, -bra (by dissimilation) & -bula was from the primitive Indo-European -dhlom and was an instrumental suffix, applied as a noun suffix denoting (1) the instrumental sense, (2) a vessel or place and (3), (rarely) a person.
The related forms are latibule, latibulize latibulation & latibulum and while never widely used, do occasionally appear in zoological literature, use fading after the early nineteenth century. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) still lists latibulate in its unabridged editions so while certainly rare and archaic, it seems not yet obsolete. Use did spike during the COVID-19 pandemic but only on word-nerd sites offering different ways of describing the conditions imposed by lockdowns and there’s little to suggest any revival of use.
Dysania (pronounced dis-a-nee-ah)
The state of an unwillingness to get out of bed.
Mid 1900s: Although nominally part of the language of medicine, dysania is not an accepted part of the literature and, on the rare occasions it has attracted comment from the profession, it’s been treated as a symptom of those suffering from a major depressive disorder rather than a diagnosable condition as such. It has been noted as an entry in a 1958 medical dictionary and it seems to have been coined as a jocular term used between physicians to describe those habitually and obsessively disinclined to do whatever was recommended or prescribed (in the sense of “dis” + “mania”). How that evolved into a specific descriptor of an unwillingness to get out of bed isn’t known. It may that a chronic inability to leave was the manifestation of the symptoms most (and apparently often first) reported by those diagnosed with a depressive disorder.
The prefix dys- was from the From New Latin dys-, from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus) (hard, difficult, bad). The English prefix dis- is from the Middle English did-, borrowed from Old French des from the Latin dis, ultimately from the primitive Indo-European dwís. In Modern English, the rules applying to the dis prefix vary and when attached to a verbal root, prefixes often change the first vowel (whether initial or preceded by a consonant/consonant cluster) of that verb. These phonological changes took place in Latin and usually do not apply to words created (as in Modern Latin) from Latin components since the language was classified as “dead”. The combination of prefix and following vowel did not always yield the same change and these changes in vowels are not necessarily particular to being prefixed with dis (ie other prefixes sometimes cause the same vowel change (con; ex)).
The suffix –mania (tendency towards compulsion or obsession) is an adaptation of the noun mania, from the Latin mania, from the Ancient Greek μανία (manía) (madness). In clinical medicine, a mania can manifest as (1) a violent derangement of mind; madness; insanity, (2), excessive or unreasonable desire; an insane passion or fanaticism or (3) (and exclusive to psychiatry), the state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/or energy levels. Political scientists and sociologists also note the state of a “collective mania” but this is used in a less exacting fashion than in medicine.
The alternative to dysania is clinomania (An excessive desire to remain in bed; morbid sleepiness), the construct being clino- + -mania. Clino- is from the Ancient Greek κλίνω (klínō) (to lean; slope or angle; bed; reclining). It’s often used in conjunction with hypnopompic (referring to the state of consciousness before becoming completely awake) and uhtceare, an Old English word that refers to anxiety experienced just before dawn. In modern use it’s used to describe the state of waking up too early and being unable to fall back to sleep because of worries about the day to come but evolutionary biologists suggest it may be an inherited characteristic, part of a defensive mechanism linked to the dangers associated with the pre-dawn.
Uhtceare was an inflection of ūhtcaru, the construct being ūhta (the alternative form was ūht) + caru. Uhta (the last part of the night, before dawn; the time or service of nocturns was from the Proto-Germanic unhtwǭ and was cognate with the Old Saxon ūhta, the Old High German ūhta, the regional German Uchte (midnight mass), the Old Norse ótta, the Norwegian Bokmål otte, (in enhanced form), the Dutch ochtend (morning). The Old English Caru (worry, anxiety, care, sorrow, grief) was from the Proto-West Germanic karu, from the Proto-Germanic karō. It was cognate with the Old Saxon kara, the Old High German kara, the Old Norse kǫr (sickbed) and the Gothic (kara).
In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5, 2013), the category “Insomnia Disorder” replaced “Primary Insomnia” as it had been listed in the fourth edition (DSM-IV, 1994) and there were a number of refinements to the diagnostic criteria. The main change was instead of being a defined condition if experienced for one month, the sleep difficulty had to manifest for at least three months and occur at least three nights per week, it being still a requirement that there be clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, educational, academic, behavioral, or other important areas of functioning.
The changes in DSM-5 to sleep-wake disorders were made to improve the clinical utility of the definitions and diagnostic criteria and some of the conditions separately listed in the DSM-IV were re-grouped in clusters while others were divided, reflecting the increased understanding of the pathology triggering certain disorders or their underlying neurobiological and genetic factors. Part of that understanding was an appreciation that disorders have been shown to be mutually exacerbating so to assist in capturing the dynamic relationship between sleep-wake disorders and certain mental or medical conditions, a greater emphasis was given to examining how they interact and impact each other.
The general theme of the DSM-5, a greater specificity of co-existing conditions certainly applied to the revisions undertaken on sleep conditions and the editors also explained the replacement of primary insomnia (DSM-IV) with insomnia disorder (DSM-5) as a means to avoid the primary/secondary designation when this disorder co-occurs with other conditions and to reflect changes throughout the classification.
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