Shampoo
(pronounced sham-poo)
(1) To wash the head or hair, especially with a
cleaning preparation that does not leave a soap film.
(2) To clean rugs, upholstery, or the like with a
special preparation.
(3) To massage (archaic); originally a
traditional Indian and Persian body massage given after pouring warm water over
the body and rubbing it with extracts from herbs.
(4) A (usually liquid or cream) preparation used
for shampooing, especially one that does not leave a soap film.
1762: From the Hindi चाँपो (cā̃po), imperative form of चाँपना (cā̃pnā) (to press, knead), from the
Sanskrit root चपयति (capayati)
(to pound, knead or smooth). Under the
Raj, the original anglicized form was champo (later champoo) from the Hindi chāmpo (to massage), an inflected form
of chāmpnā (to knead; literally “to press”)
itself derived from the Sanskrit root चपति (chapati or capayati), which meant “to press, knead, or soothe”. Under the Raj, the word the word initially
referred to any type of pressing, kneading, or soothing with the definition
extended to mean “wash the hair” by 1860.
Although people had for centuries been using a variety of soapy preparations,
it was in 1954 that the first packaged products (initially for domestic rather
than commercial use) called “carpet shampoo” appeared. Shampoo is a verb or a noun, shampooer is a noun
and the other verbs (used with object) are shampooed & shampooing; the
accepted adjective is shampooed but the inventive shampooish has been noted.
Cultures since antiquity have made shampoo using
mixtures of herbs and extracts from vegetation, the mix dictated by what was
available for harvest in the local area or through trade and in India, a favorite formula was that concocted by boiling an extract of the fruit of the Sapindus, mixed with fragrant herbs. Sapindus is a tree which grows across the
Indian sub-continent and under the Raj came to be known as the soapberry or
soapnut, the extract of which when mixed with water created a soap-like lather
know as phenaka. Widely used to wash the
hair and mixed with a variety of herbs which lent both fragrance and color, it
was this which traders and colonial officials brought back to Europe where the
idea evolved into packaged "champoo" although prior to that, "shampooing"
centres were opened although these focused on shampoo in the sense of
"massage", conducted in conjunction with "vapor baths",
based on the idea popular at the time that breathing in certain preparations
was most efficacious in the treatment of many ailments. The word "champoo" didn't long
endure and by the early twentieth century, "shampoo" was the accepted
spelling, the early shampoos little more than mild, liquid detergents but by
the 1930s, synthetic surfactants had begun to replace the soap component. Many claims are made for modern shampoos and
conditioners but there are hairdressers who claim nothing is as good for achieving shiny,
bouncy hair than pure aloe vera gel, squeezed straight from a freshly-cut leaf;
some use it as a substitute for conditioner while others mix it with a mild
liquid soap.
Wikihow have published a guide for those seeking
to achieve the classic Lindsay Lohan look, including the hair. Those who want the look might be tempted to
try GHD’s
Oracle which uses as U-shaped clamp, with one cooling plate on top
and ceramic heater plates on each arm to maintain the temperature at 365˚f
(185˚c), the design innovation meaning the heated hair is cooled before leaving
the styler; GHD say it helps set curls in place. Stylists note the advantage but say that
because of the way it interacts with the moisture left in the hair after
washing, the extent to which the hair is dried should vary according to hair
type and users may need to experiment to determine what works best.
Step 1: Wash with shampoo and conditioner. As a general principle it's best to shampoo
in two sessions, the first removing the layer of oil & dirt which inevitably
attaches to the strands, the second to allow the cleansing of the whole scalp
and take advantage of any properties the shampoo may offer. Some manufacturers describe the properties as
"nourishing" and this needs to be read-down (hair being dead tissue),
but the health of the scalp and hair roots can be improved. The need for the double-shampoo technique
does vary with the environment, it being less beneficial for those who wash
their hair every day but valuable for those who spend their days in areas with
high levels of atmospheric pollution.
Either way, when shampooing, focus on the roots, massaging with the
finger-tips; this will result in the cleanest hair. When finished, take time to ensure all
shampoo is rinsed from the hair and when conditioning, use a generous amount to
ensure there's enough to swamp all the hair, gently massaging as it's
applied. For the length of time the
conditioner is left on the hair, manufacturers do vary in their recommendations
and it best to follow their instructions but there's probably little benefit in
conditioning for more than a couple of minutes.
Step 2: Gently towel-dry the hair; a fluffy
cotton towel is best and it's necessary to dry it only to the point where the
water stops dripping. Then blow-dry,
using the coolest setting on the dryer and dry only partially, the hair left
moist to the touch.
Step 3: Apply some root-pump, working the hair
through the fingers and using the finger-tips to push at the roots. Despite what some say about this
"increasing volume", it has no such effect and is simply a form of
scalp massage, said to increase blood flow to the roots which may well be beneficial.
Step 4: Once the hair is completely dry, use a
styling iron (sometimes called a curling or straightening iron). Section the hair into 3-6 parts depending on
volume and when parting, gather the hair and put each in an elastic band.
Step 5: Start curling the hair just below the
elastic. The placement of the elastic
band determines the outcome of the curls so it should be tied higher or lower
depending on desired effect. For the
Lindsay Lohan look, the curls need to be very loose.
Step 6: Product: The classic Lindsay Lohan look is achieved with a surprisingly
small dose of hairspray, the hair gently teased with a wide-toothed comb. the operative word gently; less is more.
It's a specific look, quite long-lasting and easy to
maintain, the volume maintained with little more than a running
of the fingers through to the top of the hair, re-separating the curls.
Blondes
have more shampoo. John Frieda blonde
shampoo range.
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