Pernoctate (pronounced per-nok-tait)
(1) In Christianity, to pass the night in vigil or prayer, prior to a feast (archaic).
(2)
To stay (somewhere) all night (now a secular, jocular form).
1610s:
From the Latin pernoctat- (spent the
night), from pernoctatus, past
participle of the verb pernoctare,
the construct being per- (through) + noct-, nox (night). In
Christianity, the use of pernoctation to describe “a religious watch kept
during normal sleeping hours, during which prayers or other ceremonies are
performed” is now rare even in ecclesiastical use and has been supplant by
vigil. Vigil was from the Middle English
vigile (a devotional watching), from the
Old French vigile, from the Latin vigilia (wakefulness, watch), from vigil
(awake), from the primitive Indo-European weǵ- (to be strong, lively, awake). The English wake was from the same root. Vigil was related to vigour (vigor the US
spelling) (and more distantly to vital), from the Middle English vigour, from the Old French vigour,
from vigor, from the Latin vigor, from vigeo (thrive, flourish), again from the primitive Indo-European weǵ-. Pernoctate,
pernoctates, pernoctating & pernoctated are verbs, pernoctation is a noun
and the noun plural is pernoctations.
Beginning apparently during the second century of the existence of the Christian Church, during the night before every feast, a vigil (Vigilia in the Latin; pannychis in the Greek), was kept. On those evenings, the faithful would gather in the church or wherever it was the feast was to be celebrated and prepared themselves by prayers, readings from Holy Writ (now the Offices of Vespers and Matins); sometimes a sermon would be read (as on fast days in general, Mass was celebrated in the evening, before the Vespers of the following day). Towards dawn, the people dispersed to the streets and houses near the church, to await the solemn services of the forenoon. This was a formalized structure but in places the intermission gave rise to grave abuses; people would assemble, play music and dance in the streets: clear improprieties. In the way such things happen, the volume of feasts multiplied so the number of vigils was greatly reduced but the abuses could be stopped only by abolishing the vigils and where they remained, they were shifted to begin in the afternoon, a synod held at Rouen in 1231 prohibited all vigils except those before the patronal feast of a church. The number of vigils in the Roman Catholic Calendar (besides Holy Saturday) is now seventeen: the eves of Christmas, the Epiphany, the Ascension, Pentecost, the Immaculate Conception, the Assumption, the eight feasts of the Apostles, St. John the Baptist, St. Laurence, and All Saints although some dioceses and religious orders have particular vigils.
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