Daughter (pronounced daw-ter)
(1) A
female child or person in relation to her parents.
(2) Any
female descendant (now rare).
(3) A
person said to be related to an institution as if by the ties binding daughter
to parent (daughter of the church; Daughters of the American Revolution et al).
(4) Any
female (archaic in the English-speaking world but used sometimes by some cultures to indicate some closeness of family relationship, rather as aunt & uncle are sometimes used in the West).
(5) Any
institution or other thing personified as female and considered with respect to
its origin (eg Australia is the daughter of the six colonies).
(6) In
chemistry & physics (of a nuclide), an isotope formed by radioactive decay
of another isotope.
(7) In
biology, pertaining to a cell or other structure arising from division or
replication (eg the daughter cell; daughter DNA).
(8) As
daughterboard, IBM’s original descriptor for boards (now called piggyback
boards, riser cards or mezzanine boards) which directly (usually by soldering) connect
to motherboards (now called main or system boards).
(9) In historical linguistics, as daughter language (known also as a descendant language), a language descended from another (its mother language) through genetic descent as opposed to a "sister language" which is one which also evolved from the proto- mother language but formed a separate branch. The model is that of a tree where the mother language is the trunk and the branches the daughters and sisters (each of which can have their own daughters and sisters). The image of the tree represents the diversification of languages from a root source.
Pre 950: From the Middle English goghter & doughter, from the Old English dohtor (female child considered with reference to her parents; daughter) from the Proto-West Germanic dohter, from the Proto-Germanic dokhter and the earlier dhutēr, from the primitive Indo-European dughtḗr, source also of the Sanskrit duhitā & duhitar-, the Avestan dugeda-, the Armenian dustr, the Old Church Slavonic dušti, the Lithuanian duktė and the Ancient Greek thygátēr & thugatēr). The Proto-Germanic forms were the source also of the Old Saxon dohtar, the Old Norse dóttir, the Old Frisian and Dutch dochter, the Old High German tohter, the German Tochter and the Gothic dauhtar.
The common Indo-European word was lost in Celtic and Latin; the Latin filia (daughter) is the feminine form of filius (son), the most obvious connection in Modern English being young female horses: a filly is a beast under four and thus too young to be a mare and filly is still used as humorous and affectionate slang to refer to a lively girl or young woman. The modern spelling evolved in the sixteenth century in southern England. In late Old English, the form also emerged of a "woman viewed in some analogous relationship" (to her native country, church, culture etc and that use persists to this day) and from circa 1200 could be used to describe anything regarded as feminine. Daughter-in-law is attested from the late fourteenth century. The noun plural is daughters, the long archaic form being daughtren and the last surviving obsolete spelling was dafter. The adjective daughterly (relating to or characteristic of a daughter) is technically neutral but has long denoted “dutiful (towards parents)”, the “dutiful daughter” a frequent reference in English literature.
The noun step-daughter was from the Old English stepdohtor, the formation aligned with the German Stieftochter. Grand-daughter, like the related forms to describe recent ancestors and relations dates from 1610. The noun god-daughter (female godchild, girl one sponsors at her baptism) was adopted in the mid-thirteenth century as a modification of the Old English goddohtor. The noun filicide (action of killing a son or daughter) dates from the 1660s, the construct being the Latin filius/filia (son/daughter) + -cide (a killing), the meaning extended after 1823 to "one who kills a son or daughter", filicidal appearing shortly after. Bathsheba was the Biblical wife of King David, mother of Solomon, from the Hebrew Bathshebha (literally "daughter of the oath" from bath (daughter).
IBM: Mothers and daughters but not sisters
IBM PC-1 (1981).
IBM
didn’t invent the motherboard. It evolved
into the form in which it became well-known in the early 1980s because advances in technology had reduced the size of certain components (CPU, memory etc) which used to be separate devices which were wired
together to run as a unit. When IBM
released the original PC-1 in 1981, it was built around a motherboard which contained slots
into which expansion boards could be plugged and various connectors with which
compatible devices could be connected. Given
there were motherboards, IBM, in the innocent age of the 1980s, decided other
peripheral components, those usually directly embedded through soldering to the
motherboard, should be called daughterboards.
Quite how the nomenclature was chosen is either not known or IBM has suppressed the records and the fanciful notion that it’s because the early
motherboards contained more female than male connections is just an industry
myth. In the literature, there’s also
the odd reference to sisterboards though the name never caught on and "daughter-board" was sometime used to describe cards which plugged-into expansion cards but such devices were rare.
A daughterboard was a circuit board which extends the circuitry of the motherboard and, being soldered, was connected directly, unlike the inherently swappable expansion cards which plugged-in using the bus or other (most often serial, parallel or SCSI (small computer system interface)) interfaces. Like a motherboard, daughterboards had sockets, pins, plugs and connectors to permit connection to other boards or other devices and have been both part of initial product releases and post-launch updates, the best known example of which were the MIDI (musical instrument digital interface) daughterboards used to add functionality to a sound card. Except for the odd special build for someone really nerdy, modern personal computers now rarely have daughterboards although they’re still often seen on servers.
Even before the twenty-first century interest in gender and gendered pronouns, IBM had renamed everything in the corporation which could in anyway be thought sexist, racist etc. By the late 1990s, although the term motherboard continued widely to be used, IBM had started calling them them variously main-boards or system-boards; daughterboards became piggyback or mezzanine boards. Interestingly, as part of the linguistic sanitation, IBM started calling hard disk drives "hard files" which was either looking forward to solid-state storage or just one of those inexplicable things which happens when projects assume their own inertia; whatever the reason, the "hard file" never caught on. The terms male and female for connections (modeled on human anatomy and used in everything from plumbing to the space programme) were retained because their use was universal and convenient or mnemonic gender-neutral substitutes eluded even IBM's language police. Male and female connectors may be about the only gender-loaded terms which will escape being labelled "micro-aggressions".
Lindsay Lohan: Confessions of a Broken Heart (Daughter to Father).
I wait for the postman to bring me a letterI wait for the good Lord to make me feel
betterAnd I carry the weight of the world on my
shouldersA family in crisis that only grows older
Why'd you have to goWhy'd you have to goWhy'd you have to go
Daughter to father, daughter to fatherI am broken but I am hopingDaughter to father, daughter to fatherI am crying, a part of me is dying andThese are, these areThe confessions of a broken heart
And I wear all your old clothes; your polo
sweaterI dream of another you the one who would
never, neverLeave me alone to pick up the piecesA daddy to hold me, that's what I needed
So why'd you have to goWhy'd you have to goWhy'd you have to go
Daughter to father, daughter to fatherI don't know you, but I still want toDaughter to father, daughter to fatherTell me the truth, did you ever love me'Cause these are, these areThe confessions of a broken heart, of a
broken heart
I love youI love youI love youI, I love you
Daughter to father, daughter to fatherI don't know you, but I still want toDaughter to father, daughter to fatherTell me the truth, did you ever love me'Did you ever love me?These areThe confessions of a broken heart, oh yeah
And I wait for the postman to bring me a
letter
Songwriters: Kara Dioguardi, Lindsay Lohan & William Wells. Lyrics © BMG Rights Management, Kobalt Music Publishing Ltd, Universal Music Publishing Group, Warner Chappell Music Inc. From the album A Little More Personal (Raw) (2005).
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