Enosis (pronounced ih-noh-sis, ee-noh-sis or e-naw-sees (Greek))
(1) A movement for securing the political union of Greece and Cyprus.
(2) A genus of grass skippers (Hesperiinae) butterflies. It is in the tribe Moncini.
1935–1940:
From the Modern Greek énōsis from the
Classical Greek hénōsis (union),
equivalent to henō-, variant stem of henoûn to unify (derivative of hén, neuter of heîs (one) + -sis. The suffix –sis (ultimately from Ancient Greek –σις) appeared in loanwords from
Greek and was used to form from verbs, abstract nouns of action, process,
state, condition etc. It’s identical in
meaning with the Latin –entia and the
English -ing. Etymologists note it’s not
very productive, used only for borrowed terms from Ancient Greek, though there
are also modern coinages based on Ancient Greek roots.
Anschluss (pronounced ahn-shloos)
Union
(strongly associated with the 1938 political union of Austria with Germany).
1920-1925:
From the German anschluss (variously
translated as annexation; consolidation; joining together) and derived from the
German anschliessen (to join). The original German form was anschluß from anschließen (to join, unite).
The compound translated is on-to-a-schluss
(closing).
Difference
Technically, enosis is the historic movement of various Greek communities living outside Greece to be incorporated (including the land they inhabit) into a unitary Greek state. Enosis is related to the Megali, a concept of a Greek nation which dominated Greek politics after the creation of the modern Greek state in 1830. For military and political reasons, the Megali project was never realised and enosis is now associated almost exclusively with the movement within the Greek-Cypriot community for a union of Cyprus into Greece. The historic moment for that probably passed in 1960 with the creation of the Republic of Cyprus which was not incorporated into Greece. The 1974 Turkish resulted in geographic partition with Turkey (now the Republic of Türkiye) occupying northern Cyprus and the enosis movement faded to oblivion.
Anschluss is now used almost exclusively to refer to the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938. The word's German spelling, until the German orthography reform of 1996, was Anschluß and it was also known as the Anschluss Österreichs. Anschluss translates as "joinder", "connection", "unification" or "political union" whereas annektierung means “military annexation”. Although the latter was (technically) an accurate description of what happened in 1938, it has never been widely adopted to describe the events. The use of anschluss by the Nazis suited their propaganda, suggesting as it did the union was marriage rather than rape and many modern historians have been inclined to agree. Two generations would pass before Austrians began seriously to dissect the post-war consensus that their country had been a victim.
The Anschluss was dissolved when the Third Reich (and thus the German state) ceased to exist at the end of World War II (1939-1945). On the model of Germany & Berlin, Austria was divided into American, British, French and Soviet zones of occupation and governed on a quasi-federal basis by the administrators in the zones and, for certain matters, a joint Commission for Austria. In 1955, after years of difficult talks, the Soviet Union agreed to Austrian independence and withdrawal of its troops on the condition the Western powers did likewise. Officially, Austrian neutrality was not a condition imposed by Moscow but it's long been speculated their acquiescence was gained by an informal understanding (secret protocols were by then out of fashion) Vienna would do exactly that. In October 1955, after all occupying forces had withdrawn, Austria's full independence was recognized and, by an act of parliament, Austria declared its "permanent neutrality" which endures to this day, a legacy of which is that the country is not a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) although it has since 1995 been part of the non-military "Partnership for Peace" programme with which NATO maintains contacts with certain non-members (some of which have subsequently joined the military alliance).
1938 Mercedes-Benz G4 (W31), Wehrmacht command vehicle during the Anschluss.
Although Mercedes-Benz prefers not much to dwell on the details of its activities between 1933-1945, one of the remarkable vehicles it built during the era was the G4 (W31). The factory developed three-axle cross-country vehicles for military use during the 1920s but after testing a number of the prototype G1s, the army declined to place an order, finding them too big, too expensive and too heavy for their intended purpose. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945; Führer (leader) and German head of government 1933-1945 & head of state 1934-1945) however, as drawn to big, impressive machines as he was to grandiose, representational architecture, ordered them adopted as parade vehicles and the army soon acquired a fleet of the updated G4, used eventually not only on ceremonial occasions but also as staff and command vehicles, two even specially configured, one as a baggage car and the other a communications centre, packed with radio-telephony. Eventually, between 1934-1939, fifty-seven were built, originally exclusively for the OKW (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (Armed Forces High Command)) and OKH (Oberkommando des Heeres (Army High Command)) but one was gift from Hitler to Generalissimo Francisco Franco (1892-1975; Caudillo of Spain 1939-1975). The Spanish G4, one of three which still exists, was restored and remains in the royal garage in Madrid. According to factory records, all were built with 5.0 litre (306 cubic inch), 5.3 litre (326) & 5.4 litre (330) litre straight-eight engines but there is an unverified report of interview with Hitler’s long-time chauffeur, Erich Kempka (1910-1975), suggesting one for the Führer’s exclusive use was built with one of the supercharged 7.7 litre (468 cubic inch) straight-eights used in the 770K Grosser. The story is widely thought apocryphal, no evidence of such a one-off ever having be sighted and no supporting documents have ever appeared.
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