Adjunct (pronounced aj-uhngkt)
(1) Something added to another thing but not
essential to it; an appendage; something attached to something else in a
subordinate capacity.
(2) A person associated with lesser status,
rank, authority, etc., in some duty or service; assistant; things joined or
associated, especially in an auxiliary or subordinate relationship.
(3) In higher education, a person working at
an institution but not enjoying full-time or permanent status (exact status can
vary between institutions).
(4) In systemic English grammar, a modifying
form, word, or phrase depending on some other form, word, or phrase, especially
an element of clause structure with adverbial function; part of a sentence
other than the subject, predicator, object, or complement; usually a
prepositional or adverbial group.
(5) In reductionist English grammar, part of
a sentence that may be omitted without making the sentence ungrammatical; a
modifier.
(6) In the technical language of logic,
another name for an accident.
(8) In brewing, an un-malted grain or grain
product that supplements the main mash ingredient.
(9) In metaphysics, a quality or property of
the body or mind, whether natural or acquired, such as color in the body or
judgement in the mind (archaic).
(10) In music, a key or scale closely related
to another as principal; a relative or attendant key.
(11) In the syntax of X-bar theory, a
constituent which is both the daughter and the sister of an X-bar.
(12) In rhetoric, as symploce, the repetition
of words or phrases at both the beginning and end of successive clauses or
verses: a combination of anaphora and epiphora (or epistrophe); also known as
complexio.
(13) In category theory, one of a pair of
morphisms which relate to each other through a pair of "adjoint functors".
1580-1590: From the Latin adjunctus (a characteristic, essential
attribute), perfect past participle of adiungō
(join to) & adjungere (joined to). The construct of adiungō was ad- (from the
Proto-Italic ad, from the primitive Indo-European haed (near, at); connate with the English at) + iungō (join); a doublet of adjoint. The usual sense of "to
join to" is now applied usually with a notion of subordination, but this
is not etymological. The first adjunct
professor appears to have been appointed in 1826. Adjunct is a noun, verb & adjective, adjunction, adjunctiveness & adjuncthood are nouns, adjunctive is a noun & adjective, adjunctivity is an adjective and adjunctively & adjunctly are adverbs; the noun plural is adjuncts.
Although the title has existed for almost two
centuries, neither the duties or the nature of appointment of an adjunct
professor have ever been (even variously) codified or consistently applied
in a way that a generalised understanding of the role could be said to exist as
it does for other academic ranks (tutor, lecturer, reader, professor et al). The terms of appointment of adjunct
professors vary between countries, between institutions within countries and even within the one institution.
In the academic swirl of titles there can also be adjunct lecturers, adjunct
fellows etc and other adjectives are sometimes used; “contingent” and “sessional”
applied sometimes to appointments which appear, at least superficially, similar
to adjunct appointments elsewhere. Beyond
the English-speaking world however, the term adjunct, in the context of education,
is often just another rung in the academic hierarchy, used in a similar way to “assistant”
& “associate”.
In the English-speaking world, it’s probably easiest to understand the title in relation to what it’s not and, grossly simplified, the most important relationship between an adjunct appointment and one unadorned is whether or not the appointee is paid. In institutions where adjuncts are paid, as a general principle, that’s indicative of an appointment where the emolument package is structured to provide lesser compensation (lower salary, no health insurance, no permanent term etc) and perhaps a limitation of duties (eg a teaching role only without the scope to undertake research). If paid, an “adjunct” appointee is an employee. Where the appointment is unpaid, while there are no set rules, there do seem to be conventions of use in that (1) a “visiting” professor is usually a eminent academic from another place granted to a short-term appointment on some basis, (2) an “honorary” professor is someone from outside academia (but whose career path is within the relevant scholastic field) and the title is granted, sometimes in perpetuity, in exchange for services like the odd lecture (often about some very specialised topic where expertise is rare) whereas (3), an adjunct professor can be entirely unconnected with any traditional academic path and may be appointed in exchange for consultancy or other services although, there’s often the suggestion donations to institutions can smooth the path to appointment. If unpaid (even if able to claim “actual, defined or reasonable” expenses), an “adjunct appointee is not an employee.
More than one university bestowed the title adjunct professor on Australian businessman Clive Palmer. Gold Coast’s Bond University noted the recognition was extended in recognition of "goodwill, positive endeavours and support" of the institution. In answer to a critic who suggested styling himself as “Professor Palmer” in documents associated with his commercial interests might be not in the spirit of the generally accepted use of the title, he replied that they were suffering from “academia envy” and should “take a cold shower".
In
law, adjunct relief should not be confused with injunctive relief. Commonly known as “an injunction”, injunctive
relief is a legal remedy which may be sought in civil proceedings and it can be
something in addition to, or in place of monetary damages and usually takes the
form of a court order requiring a person or entity to do, or (more typically) to
refrain from doing, certain things. They
are unusual in that even if a judge thinks an application for injunctive relief
is without merit, the order will anyway be granted (lasting usually until the
matter is resolved in a defended hearing) if the consequences of the act are irreversible
and an award of damages would not be a remedy (such as demolishing a building,
publishing something or euthanizing an animal).
Injunctive relief can however work in coordination with injunctive
relief. Adjunct relief is the term which
describes a class of relief granted to a party in proceedings which is not the
primary relief sought. A typical example
of adjunct relief is that in circumstances where the primary relief sought is
the award of monetary damages, a plaintiff may also be awarded an injunction as
a protection against future breaches. In
that sense,
The
word adjunct is also used in contract law.
To be a legally correct contract which will be recognised and enforced
by a court, it must contain a number of elements: (1) All parties must have the
capacity to enter contracts and the purpose of the contract must be lawful, (2)
An offer by one party, (3) Acceptance of the offer by another, (4) An intention
between the parties that the agreement is intended to be legally binding, (5) Consideration
(an exchange of value between the parties), (6) Certainty of terms which can
extend only to acts which are not impossible.
Those principles are the same regardless of whether one is buying an
apple at the market or a nuclear-powered aircraft-carrier but there can also be collateral contracts or adjunct clauses.
During her litigation phase, Lindsay Lohan became well-acquainted with the operation of the rules which apply when seeking injunctive relief. In a brief few years, she sought injunctions against at least two stalkers (one said to be a Freemason), a company she claimed was basing on aspects of her life their "milkaholic" baby, a rap artist who mentioned her in his lyrics and a video game-maker she alleged had usurped her likeness for commercial purposes. The courts granted relief against the stalkers but her record in seeking injunctive relief generally was patchy.
A collateral contract is a separate contract which exists only because the primary contract has been executed yet it remains separate from it although the two will tend usually to operate in parallel. Typically, a collateral contract is formed between one party to the main contract and a third party and it arises because a one party has made a promise which has induced another to enter into the main contract. Other circumstances can apply but the general principle is that a collateral contract relies upon the existence of a primary contract; the reverse does not apply. If the main contract is breached, the injured party can seek remedies based on the collateral contract. By contrast, an adjunct clause is a provision (which may only retrospectively be found by a court to be a clause) within the primary contract. It’s thus not a separate contract and does not include the “essential terms” upon which the contract may stand or fall, adjunct clauses typically serving as a schedule of additional terms & conditions. Importantly, if the subject of dispute, the violation of adjunct terms may attract some form of compensation or an order for specific performance but not an invalidation of the contract.
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